Seals and sea lions have widespread protection under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act. But some species still face extinction — here’s why.
What are the biggest threats to seals today?
- Bird flu — From pole to pole, the current H5N1 virus is spreading rapidly among seabirds and sea mammals. In South America alone, this virus has killed at least 50,000 mammals, including elephant seals and sea lions. Scientists are worried about how far this will spread and the consequences for seal species.
- Climate change — Warming temperatures and earlier sea ice breakup force seal pups into the water before they are able, making them more vulnerable to predators and drowning. This is especially threatening for harp seals, which need time on the ice to learn how to learn and mature.
- Hunting and poaching — Despite protections, some populations are still threatened by illegal hunting for their fur, oil, and other body parts, including the Mediterranean monk seal, Hawaiian monk seal, and the northern fur seal.
- Overfishing — Fishing gear, such as nets and lines, can entangle seals and sea lions, leading to drowning or severe injury. Overfishing has led to a significant depletion of fish stocks, causing seals to starve.
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